Everything You Need to Know About Freight Class: Calculators, Codes & Charts

Written by: Sam Boyd
Updated on: 11/27/2024
Introduction
Accurately determining your shipment's freight class is essential for cost-effective and efficient transportation. Misclassifications can lead to unexpected fees, delays, and complications. To assist you in this process, Guided Freight offers a Freight Class Calculator that is both precise and user-friendly.
Freight Class Calculator (Density)*
Whether you're a first-time shipper or a logistics professional, this tool helps you quickly determine the correct freight class density based on your shipment's weight and dimensions.
Steps to Use the Freight Class Calculator:
- Enter the weight of your shipment in pounds.
- Input the dimensions (length, width, and height) in inches.
- Click "Calculate Freight Class."
- The calculator will display your shipment’s density and corresponding freight class instantly.
By using this freight density calculator, you can avoid the hassle of manual calculations and ensure your shipment is accurately classified.
Freight Class Calculator
* Please note that this calculator determines freight class based solely on density, which is just one of several factors influencing classification. Other elements, such as stowability, handling, and liability, can also play crucial roles in accurate freight classification. Additionally, not all carriers utilize the density-based method; some may refer to the National Motor Freight Classification (NMFC) system instead.
To gain a comprehensive understanding of freight classification, including the various methods and factors involved, continue reading our in-depth guide. You'll learn about the NMFC system, how different commodities are classified, common pitfalls to avoid, and how partnering with a freight broker can simplify the process. This knowledge will empower you to make informed shipping decisions and ensure accurate freight classification.
Understanding Freight Class
This guide will provide you with everything you need to know about freight class, including why it matters, how to calculate it, and the common pitfalls to avoid. By the end, you’ll have a clear understanding of how to classify your freight properly and how tools like the Guided Freight Class Calculator (above) can simplify the process.
In this guide, we'll cover:
- What Freight Class Is and Why It Matters: Understand the fundamentals of freight classification and its impact on shipping costs and efficiency.
- The NMFC Freight Class Chart: Explore the official classifications that categorize commodities based on density, handling, stowability, and liability.
- Density Freight Class Chart: Learn how to calculate freight class density manually and when this method applies.
- Freight Class in LTL Shipping: Discover how freight class influences pricing, handling, and logistics in Less Than Truckload (LTL) shipping.
- Real-World Case Study: See how one e-commerce business faced costly misclassification errors and how Guided Freight helped them save thousands.
- Common Pitfalls to Avoid: Identify frequent mistakes in freight classification and tips to ensure accuracy.
- The Role of Freight Brokers: Learn how brokers simplify the classification process and secure the most accurate and cost-effective solutions.
- How Guided Freight Can Help: Explore our expert services to ensure precise freight classification and hassle-free shipping.
With this comprehensive guide, you’ll be well-equipped to handle freight classification with accuracy and confidence.
What is Freight Class?
Freight class, also known as the NMFC freight code, is a standardized system developed by the National Motor Freight Traffic Association (NMFTA) to categorize shipments for Less Than Truckload (LTL) shipping.
Freight classes range from class 50 (high-density, low-value items like bricks) to class 500 (low-density, fragile, or high-value items like pillows). These classifications ensure accurate pricing, handling, and stowability during transit.
Learn more about how freight class impacts LTL shipping at Guided Freight’s LTL Services page.
NMFC Freight Class Chart*: Understanding the Breakdown
The NMFC Freight Class Chart is a vital resource for shippers, providing a structured framework for assigning freight classes based on a commodity's characteristics.
NMFC Code | Commodity Description | Freight Class |
---|---|---|
156600 | Aluminum Articles | 70 |
131200 | Bricks (Clay, High Density) | 50 |
133300 | Cement | 55 |
64000 | Furniture (Fully Assembled) | 175 |
56150 | Glass (Flat, Unframed) | 85 |
56415 | Glassware (Fragile) | 125 |
109080 | Mattresses | 200 |
49880 | Plastic Articles (Not Elsewhere Spec.) | 125 |
49270 | Plastic Pipes (Rigid) | 70 |
49830 | Plastic Sheets | 60 |
99800 | Tires | 150 |
79270 | Cabinets (Wood, Knocked Down) | 110 |
100240 | Paper Rolls | 65 |
64080 | Foam Padding | 400 |
63320 | Insulation Material (Foam Board) | 200 |
99755 | Textiles (Fabric Rolls) | 70 |
48915 | Plastic Containers (Rigid) | 125 |
158880 | Steel Rods (High Density) | 50 |
20000 | Apples (Fresh) | 85 |
170080 | Water Bottles (Plastic, Palletized) | 92.5 |
147950 | Motorcycles | 175 |
178590 | Foodstuffs (Dry, Palletized) | 65 |
60000 | Books (Packed) | 70 |
* The NMFC Freight Class Chart provided here offers a snapshot of the extensive database maintained by the National Motor Freight Classification (NMFC) system. This system encompasses a vast array of codes, with regularal changes being made, and each corresponding to specific commodities with unique shipping requirements.
Navigating this comprehensive classification can be complex, but partnering with a knowledgeable freight broker, like Guided Freight, can simplify the process. Freight brokers have access to the fully updated NMFC database often not reflected correclty in online charts, and they can ensure your shipments are accurately classified, optimize shipping costs and minimizing the risk of reclassification fees. By leveraging their expertise, you can secure the most precise and cost-effective shipping solutions for your freight needs.
Unlike density-based freight class charts, which rely solely on the weight-to-volume ratio of a shipment, the NMFC classification system takes into account a broader range of factors. These include:
- Density: The weight of the shipment per cubic foot.
- Stowability: The ease with which the goods can be stored or stacked in transit.
- Handling: Any special care or equipment needed for loading, unloading, or transport.
- Liability: Risks associated with damage, theft, or perishability.
Each NMFC code corresponds to a specific commodity, ensuring consistency and standardization across the shipping industry. For example, a shipment of steel rods—high-density and low-risk—will have a low freight class and an NMFC code reflecting these traits. Conversely, fragile glassware or foam padding, which are low-density and high-liability, are assigned higher freight classes.
Why the NMFC Chart Matters
Using the correct NMFC code and corresponding freight class is essential for avoiding costly errors:
- Prevents Reclassification Fees: Carriers often inspect shipments and will reclassify goods if the wrong code is applied.
- Improves Cost Accuracy: Freight class impacts shipping rates, and incorrect classifications can lead to overpaying or disputes.
- Reduces Handling Risks: Proper classification ensures that carriers apply the correct handling and storage measures to protect your goods.
The table below provides examples of NMFC codes and their corresponding freight classes to help you better understand how commodities are classified. For accurate classifications, consult the NMFC directory or contact our team at Guided Freight for expert assistance.
Density Chart for Freight Class
Density plays a pivotal role in determining freight class, as it directly affects shipping costs and logistics. The term refers to the weight of your shipment relative to the space it occupies, measured in pounds per cubic foot (lbs/ft³). Dense items take up less space on a truck, making them less expensive to transport, whereas lightweight but bulky items often fall into higher (and costlier) freight classes.
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Understanding and accurately calculating your shipment’s density ensures you assign the correct freight class, helping to avoid unnecessary reclassification fees, delays, or disputes with carriers. Use the chart below to find the appropriate class based on your shipment’s density.
How to Calculate Freight Class Manually
Using the NMFC Method
- Find the NMFC code for your product. For example, glassware may have NMFC code 56410.
- Assess characteristics like density, handling, and liability.
- Compare against the NMFC freight class chart to confirm the appropriate class.
Using the Density-Based Method
- Measure the shipment’s dimensions (L × W × H in feet) to find its volume.
- Example: A shipment measuring 4 × 4 × 4 feet = 64 cubic feet.
- Weigh the shipment.
- Example: 2,000 lbs total weight.
- Calculate density: Weight ÷ Volume.
- Example: 2,000 ÷ 64 = 31.25 lbs/ft³.
- Refer to the density chart to find the correct class.
- Example: 31.25 lbs/ft³ corresponds to class 60.
If you are unsure about the correct class, consult an expert or contact Guided Freight using the email link in the footer below.
The Role of Freight Class in LTL Shipping
Freight class is a pivotal element in Less Than Truckload (LTL) shipping, directly influencing shipping costs, handling protocols, and liability considerations.
Impact on Shipping Costs
Carriers utilize freight classes to determine shipping rates. Generally, lower freight classes correspond to lower shipping costs because these items are denser and more space-efficient. Conversely, higher freight classes often incur higher costs due to factors like fragility or bulkiness, which demand special handling or occupy more space.
Handling and Stowability
Freight class affects how shipments are managed and stored during transit. Items in lower classes are typically easier to handle and stow, facilitating efficient loading and unloading. In contrast, goods in higher classes may require special equipment or precautions, impacting the overall efficiency of the shipping process.
Liability and Risk Management
The classification also reflects the liability associated with transporting specific commodities. Higher-class items might be more susceptible to damage or theft, necessitating additional security measures and influencing insurance costs. Accurate classification ensures that carriers are adequately prepared to mitigate these risks.
In summary, understanding and accurately determining freight class is essential in LTL shipping. It ensures fair pricing, efficient handling, and effective risk management, all of which contribute to a streamlined and cost-effective shipping process.
Why Accurate Freight Classification Matters
Many online freight calculators produce incorrect results due to oversimplified algorithms or outdated density tables. These inaccuracies can have serious consequences for your shipping process:
- Reclassification Fees: If your carrier determines your freight class was wrong, they’ll reclassify it, often resulting in additional charges.
- Delays: Disputes over freight classification can cause unnecessary delays, disrupting delivery schedules.
- Claims Denials: Misclassified shipments are more likely to be mishandled, leading to potential damage and claims that carriers may reject.
Our Freight Class Calculator avoids these pitfalls by using the most up-to-date density-to-freight-class table to deliver precise results. This ensures you’re quoting and booking shipments with confidence.
Case Study: Navigating Freight Classification Complexities with Guided Freight
Background: Missteps in Freight Classification
An e-commerce company specializing in home furnishings relied on an online density calculator to determine the freight class for shipping their products. They shipped 10 dining tables, each weighing 200 pounds with dimensions of 5 ft x 3 ft x 2.5 ft. Based on the calculator, they classified their freight at Class 70, relying purely on density:
- Total Weight: 2,000 lbs
- Total Volume: 375 cubic feet
- Density: 5.33 pounds per cubic foot
However, their chosen carrier adhered to the National Motor Freight Classification (NMFC) system, which factors in more than just density. Key elements like stowability, handling, and liability pushed the freight into a higher class—Class 125—leading to unforeseen consequences.
The Consequences: Unexpected Costs and Delays
The misalignment between the company’s calculations and the NMFC system caused significant issues:
Reclassification by Carrier:
- Density: Although density suggested Class 70, the NMFC system considers other factors. The shipment's size and shape reduced stowability as the tables couldn’t be stacked efficiently.
- Handling: Due to the fragile nature of the dining tables, extra care was required, increasing handling difficulty.
- Liability: High-value items like furniture come with higher liability risks for carriers, further justifying a higher freight class.
Increased Shipping Costs:
- Initial estimate at Class 70: $1,800
- Adjusted cost at Class 125: $3,200
- Additional Cost: $1,400 (an increase of nearly 80%).
Delivery Delays:
- Reclassification required additional documentation and carrier approvals, delaying delivery by three days.
Customer Dissatisfaction:
- Delays and unexpected costs negatively impacted customer relationships and trust.
Solution: Partnering with Guided Freight
Frustrated by the misclassification, the company sought help from Guided Freight. Our team provided a comprehensive solution to address their challenges.
1. Accurate Freight Classification
We reviewed their product specifications and aligned them with the NMFC database. The tables were correctly classified under NMFC Code 83620 at Class 125, accounting for density, stowability, handling, and liability factors.
2. Education on NMFC Guidelines
We trained the company’s team to understand:
- Stowability: The inability to stack certain items, like dining tables, increases shipping complexity.
- Handling: Fragile items that require special care demand higher classes.
- Liability: The risk of damage to high-value goods affects freight class.
3. Carrier Liaison
We communicated with their carrier, explained the root of the misclassification, and negotiated adjusted rates. This helped the company recover a portion of their losses and avoid future errors.
4. Implementation of Reliable Tools
We introduced the company to accurate freight classification tools and provided ongoing support to ensure their shipping operations remained error-free.
Outcome: Streamlined Operations and Cost Savings
With Guided Freight’s expertise, the company achieved:
- Cost Savings: By avoiding reclassification fees and negotiating better rates, they saved 25% on their next three shipments.
- Faster Deliveries: Accurate classification eliminated delays, improving on-time delivery rates by 20%.
- Enhanced Customer Satisfaction: Timely deliveries and transparent shipping practices rebuilt trust with customers.
Conclusion
This case highlights the complexities of freight classification and the risks of relying solely on density calculators. NMFC reclassification factors like stowability, handling, and liability play a pivotal role in determining accurate freight class. Guided Freight provided the expertise and tools needed to navigate these challenges, leading to cost-effective and efficient shipping operations.
If you're facing similar issues, contact Guided Freight today via the email link in the footer of this web page to ensure your shipments are classified accurately and your shipping operations run smoothly.
Common Pitfalls in Freight Classification
Freight classification is a critical process, but several common mistakes can disrupt accuracy. Inaccurate measurements, such as errors in weight or dimensions, often result in misclassification, potentially leading to unexpected costs. Over-relying on online tools can also be problematic, as these tools might not account for critical factors like liability or special handling requirements. Another frequent issue is overlooking NMFC codes, which are essential for reflecting the unique characteristics of specific shipments. Lastly, using outdated charts can cause missteps, as freight classifications are periodically updated. Being mindful of these pitfalls ensures smoother shipping operations and fewer surprises.
Work with a Freight Broker to Determine Your Freight Class Accurately
Navigating the complexities of freight classification and shipping can be daunting, especially with changing industry standards and carrier-specific requirements. This is where partnering with an experienced freight broker, like Guided Freight, can make a significant difference. A freight broker serves as a trusted intermediary between shippers and carriers, offering expert guidance and tailored solutions to ensure efficient and cost-effective shipping.
Expertise in Freight Classification
Freight brokers have in-depth knowledge of both the NMFC system and density-based classification methods. Their expertise ensures that your shipments are accurately classified, reducing the risk of costly reclassification fees and delays. Guided Freight’s team stays updated on changes to NMFTA guidelines, ensuring your freight is classified correctly every time.
For example, if you’re shipping fragile items like glassware or oddly shaped custom furniture, our brokers will assess all relevant factors, including stowability, handling, and liability, to determine the most accurate freight class. This precision prevents errors that could result in higher shipping costs or damage during transit.
Years of Experience in Logistics
With years of experience handling shipments across various industries, Guided Freight understands the nuances of different freight types. Whether it’s high-density goods like metals or low-density, high-value items like electronics, our team has seen it all. This experience allows us to anticipate potential issues, recommend the best carriers, and negotiate favorable shipping terms.
For instance, we’ve helped small businesses optimize their supply chain by identifying overlooked opportunities to save on shipping costs through proper freight consolidation and accurate classification.
Authority in the Freight Industry
Guided Freight has built a reputation as a trusted partner for businesses of all sizes, from e-commerce startups to established manufacturers. Our relationships with top carriers give us access to competitive rates and priority service, benefits that individual shippers often struggle to secure on their own.
By working with us, you gain access to an established network of reliable carriers, along with the peace of mind that comes from partnering with a brokerage that prioritizes transparency and accountability.
Building Trust Through Tailored Solutions
We understand that no two shipments are the same. Guided Freight works closely with each client to understand their unique needs and provide personalized solutions. From consulting on proper packaging and documentation to addressing specific concerns like liability and insurance coverage, our brokers ensure every detail is handled with care.
Guided Freight’s commitment to excellence is backed by real-world results, such as reducing shipping costs for clients by up to 20% through optimized freight strategies. With our expertise, experience, authority, and trust, you can feel confident that your shipping needs are in capable hands.
Learn more about how Guided Freight can help with your logistics needs by visiting our Freight Brokerage page.
Conclusion
Understanding freight class is essential for efficient shipping. Use NMFC and density charts to calculate the correct freight class and avoid costly errors or delays. For expert help, Guided Freight offers comprehensive freight classification services to simplify the process and secure the best shipping rates. Contact us today using the
"Email Us" link in the footer below for assistance, or simply request a quote for your LTL shipment